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Technical Info For Customers |
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| Basics of Water Treatment : |
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The rain water as it passes through the atmosphere, picks up dissolve gases. When it comes in contact with the earth, picks up the suspended & dissolved matter. Thus the main impurities in the water can be broadly classified as under :
• Undissolved suspended solids
• Dissolved solids
• Dissolved gases
• Other impurities.
The water is used in industry or for drinking which requires certain specifications. The above mentioned impurities are removed through various processes and equipments to give suitable water for each application. |
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| Filtration for removal of un-dissolved suspended solids : |
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This is commonly known as turbidity. The turbidity in the water ranges very widely from as high as 5,000 to 10,000 PPM in rainy season in river water to almost 0 PPM in bore well water. The turbidity can deposit of heating surfaces, strainers, cooling tower fins and cause clogging.
The turbidity removal is achieved through settling, clarification & filtration. |
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| Micron Filters : |
These filters are of various types and capacities. Generally these are used after the above coarse filters so that the life is increased. They come in 50, 25, 10, 5, 1, 0.5, 0.2 and 0.1 micron rating. They are either absolute or nominal type. Nominal means @ 90 – 95 % particulate matter is trapped and absolute means 100 % particles are trapped. They come in various materials like PP, RBC, Sintered, SS etc. The weaving is also different like spun, wound, pleated, grooved etc. |
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DM Plants : |
When the dissolved solids in the water are to be removed, Demineralisation is used many times. The DM plant essentially must have minimum two resin columns, Cation and Anion. The cation unit contains resins, which are in H form and Anion resins in service cycle are in OH form.
The filtered raw water, when passed through a two bed DM plant, cation resins exchange all cations in water and the salts are converted to respective acids. This acidic water is passed through the anion resins, which exchanges the anions and the pure water is achieved.
The water coming out of Anion unit generally has following treated water quality: Hardness : Nil
Conductivity : Less than 40 microsiemens
pH : 7.5 to 9.0
The two bed DM plant generally consists of two pressure vessels for accommodating cation and anion resins, nest of valves or multiport valve, piping, chemical tanks, testing kit and conductivity meter. |
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| Dealkaliser : |
If the alkalinity in raw water is more, then the degasser tower is used to mechanically remove the alkalinity. This is done by passing the water after cation unit into the tower filled with media and the air is passed by using the blower, so that the water is scrubbed by air and the free carbon dioxide is removed through the vent resulting into alkalinity reduction at the outlet. This considerably reduces the ionic load on the DM plant. However, the cost of tower, sump and SS pump gets added into the system consuming more space & capital cost. The induction of this unit should be justified by the savings of NaOH used for the anion resins. |
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Mix bed Ion exchanger : |
Some of the applications like pharma, high pressure boilers, electronic industry etc. require superior quality than above, in such cases, the mixed bed unit ( MB ) is used to further polish the water. The MB unit consists of two types of resins, cation & anion in the same column. The resins are separated by water during regeneration and mixed with air for service cycle. |
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| RO PLANT : Residential / Commercial Units : |
Reverse osmosis is the technology of removing dissolved salts and substances using the membranes and high pressure. The membrane is a type of filter having pore size of 0.0001 micron which means that the bacteria ( @ 0.4 micron ) and even the dissolved ions are removed from membrane and one gets very pure and tasty water.
Typical recovery of the smaller plants can be from 15 % to 50 %. Higher recoveries are possible with adequate pretreatment.
Recovery means the % flow available for the product side.
As in case of softeners or DM plants, the RO plant does not require any regeneration. However, if pretreatment is given, it should be strictly monitored. For smaller systems, the cartridges need to be replaced on time.
In general replacement of cartridges should be done once in 6 months. The membranes in Indian conditions have life expectancy of @ 3 – 4 years. The major operating cost would be electrical consumption of high pressure pump apart from any pretreatment side dosing. |
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Centralised purification plants : |
Water is one of the abundantly available & precious substance in nature.
However, the water available for drinking and for other applications is very limited. Industries require water for drinking & canteen. Housing colonies require water for drinking and other house hold purpose.
Waterwings , a professional company in the field of water treatment, have a proven track record of providing techno – economic solutions for these requirements.
Many household use domestic purifiers of various each home. Waterwings provide an economic solution by providing Centralised UV purification just before the water reaches each tap. The typical system consists carbon filters, micron filter & UV purifier. This is also useful for hotels, restaurants, small hospitals etc.
Many times the water is used from borewell, open Well or tankers. Apart from bacterial Contamination hardness also is higher, the taste is not good. All these problems are solved by Waterwings fully fledged central plant, generally comprising of sand / carbon filters, softener, chlorination etc. This becomes very very economical. Ideally suitable for housing colonies, hospitals, IT parks, Industries
Some times the raw water source is so bad, that many parameters like hardness like hardness , TDS bacterial contamination don't fall in ISI or WHO standards. We recommend central RO (Reverse Osmosis) systems. From this the water quality will be as good as mineral water. This doesn't require regeneration with the salt etc. with Waterwings deep understanding of the subjects we can provide you an ideal solution. |
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Effluent Treatment Plant : |
Effluent (Industrial waste) generat3ed from manufacturing process is a very vast subject. Waterwings offer suitable plants for various industries & various types of effluents. Starting with dairy effluent, oil and grease in engineering units, coolant in m/c shops, phospating waste powder coating waste, paint booth waste, electroplating waste, we have done many projects.
In one of the projects, the effluent is coming from plating booth completely blue in colour having heavy metals like copper; zink etc. is being treated with elaborate effluent treatment first, then the treated effluent is passed through a Reverse Osmosis (RO) system where the effluent is converted in to low TDS water and given back to the plating baths where high quality PCBs are washed. The reject coming out of RO plant , is treated with colour removal system for removing colour & other contaminants & is being used for gardening |
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Technical Information For Costomers |
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